Proteins are responsible for controlling the majority of the processes necessary for life, and their translation and regulation are of fundamental and biomedical interest. A variety of different -omics strategies, including innovative sequencing and proteomics approaches, have provided fundamental insights into the composition and regulation of the proteome. This Keystone Symposia meeting will bring diverse group of scientists together to discuss topics ranging from the molecular biology of protein translation to the characterization of enzymes in cell and tissue systems through the development and application of genomics and proteomics methods. Key topics of emphasis include transcriptome and epitranscriptome regulation of translation, proteogenomics and the discovery of novel proteins, quantitative proteomics, protein interactions, and activity-based proteomics.