Sustainability is an important issue in the modern world. Its human society needs to regard the potentials of sustainability from a global perspective. World leaders have adopted the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in UN historic Summit in September 2015. Presently, it cannot be said that the definition of sustainability is complete. However, it can be expected that evaluating the current risk of socioeconomic systems, foreseeing any future risks and implementing resilience and improving efficiency into them may build a sustainable society.
To do so, it seems to be necessary to understand the state of socioeconomic systems (nowcast) from evidences and to possess design concepts regarding future (foresee). Currently, we have rich data on socioeconomic-environmental systems due to development of information and communication technology. For example, we have rich data on demography with geographical information, point-to-point data on transportation statistics and economic activities from e-commerce platforms. It is expected that we will be able to understand our societal activities and find room for improvement. To do so, we have several challenges. Firstly, we need to construct rich a database on socio-economic-environmental systems. Secondly, we need computational methodologies to infer these measures from a statistical point of view, since this data is always incomplete. Thirdly, we need to consider a method to implement novel technologies into societal problems.