The new Gordon Research Conference on Mammalian Reproduction will address topics relevant to a variety of aspects of reproductive biology including development, differentiation and function of germ cells, gonads, reproductive tract organs (e.g. uterus, oviduct, prostate, epididymis) and embryos, as well as embryonic and gametogenic stem cells. The program will be focused on the function of these cells, tissues or organs in mammalian systems, but will also feature presentations describing similar functions studied in appropriate model organisms. The scope of the program will range from the basic biology of normal reproductive processes to aberrant function associated with diseases or malfunctions of reproductive systems. The field of Mammalian Reproduction exemplifies the ‘bench-to-bedside’ nature of the biomedical scientific enterprise in developed countries. An example is the development of assisted reproductive technologies (ART), which came from basic research performed on animal models but which, upon implementation in the clinical setting, has now contributed to the births of > 4 million humans through the use of some form of ART. Similarly, an understanding of the normal biology of mammalian reproductive systems continues to be needed to develop better treatments for infertility, or for diseases of specific reproductive organs such as ovarian or testicular cancer, endometriosis, or prostate cancer. In addition, breakthroughs in our understanding of the basic mechanisms of reproduction continue to contribute to increasingly more effective means of birth control. The objective of the new GRC on Mammalian Reproduction is to provide a forum for the exchange of ideas and progress related to cutting-edge research concerning mechanisms of reproduction in mammals. This will include unique opportunities for interactions between basic researchers and clinicians. Beginning in the mid-1970s, and continuing through the early 2000s, the two previous GRCs related to mammalian reproduction ("Reproductive Tract Biology" and "Mammalian Gametogenesis & Embryogenesis") served this function with great success. We are convinced that the new GRC on Mammalian Reproduction will reestablish this very popular and successful forum in a manner that will fulfill all of the objectives of the Gordon Research Conferences.