Today's IT systems with its ever-growing communication infrastructures and computing applications are becoming more and more large in scale, which results in exponential complexity in their engineering, operation, and maintenance. Conventional paradigms for run-time deployment, management, maintenance, and evolution are particularly challenged in tackling these immense complexities. Recently, it has widely been recognized that self-organization and self-management/regulation offer the most promising approach to addressing such challenges. Consequently, a number of autonomic/adaptive computing initiatives have been launched by major IT companies, like IBM, HP, and others. Self-organization and adaptation are concepts stemming from the nature and have been adopted in systems theory. Since computing and communication systems are basically artificial systems, this prevents conventional self-organization and adaptation principles and approaches from being directly applicable. Complexity attributes in terms of openness, scalability, uncertainty, discrete-event dynamics, etc. have varied contexts in large-scale complex IT systems, and are too prominent to be solved by the procedures pre-defined at design-time. Rather, they have to be tackled by means of run-time perception of the complexity patterns and the run-time enforcement of self-organization and adaptation policies. The current knowledge about large-scale complex IT systems is still very limited, and a framework has yet to be established for their self-organization and adaptation. The methodology of multi-agent systems and the technology of Grid computing have shed lights for the exploration into the self-organization and adaptation of large-scale complex IT systems. Essentially, multi-agent systems provide a generic model for large-scale complex IT systems. Exploring and understanding the self-organization and adaptation of multi-agent systems is of profound significance for engineering the self-organization and self-management/regulation of large-scale complex IT systems comprised of communication infrastructures and computing applications. A Grid computing system exposes all the complexity attributes typical of large-scale complex IT systems. Investigating the self-organization and autonomic systems for Grid computing has remained a huge challenge.