Multivariate analysis of neuroimaging data has gained ground very rapidly in the community over the past few years, leading to impressive results in cognitive and clinical neuroscience. Pattern recognition and machine learning conferences regularly feature a neuroimaging workshop, while neuroscientific meetings dedicate sessions to new approaches to neural data analysis. Thus, a rich two-way flow has been established between disciplines. It is the goal of the PRNI workshop series to continue facilitating exchange of ideas between scientific communities, with a particular interest in new approaches to the interpretation of neural data driven by new developments in pattern recognition and machine learning. This year's 4th International Workshop on Pattern Recognition in Neuroimaging takes place at the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems in Tübingen, a medieval university town in the south-west of Germany. Tübingen is conveniently located to Stuttgart airport (STR) and easily accessible by public transportation. PRNI 2014 is an official satellite meeting of the Annual Meeting of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping (OHBM). PRNI 2014 solicits contributions of original four-page papers on pattern recognition in neuroimaging. Every submission will be reviewed by multiple experts and reviews will be double-blind. Accepted papers will be published in electronic format by Conference Publishing Services. They will be submitted for inclusion in IEEExplore and IEEE CS Digital Library online repositories, and submitted for indexing in IET INSPEC, EI Compendex (Elsevier), Thomson ISI, and others.