Technological development is paced by creating and putting into service materials that are ever-more capable of withstanding extreme conditions, such as high stress, temperature, radiation and long-term service. This Gordon Research Conference on Physical Metallurgy is devoted to presentation of cutting-edge experimental and modeling research about materials at extreme conditions, such as ultra-high strength materials relative to their ideal strength and materials at high temperatures relative to their melting points. Understanding the effects of extremes in physical size-scale and microstructure is also critical in order to advance the performance of materials under demanding conditions. Presentations will concern developments in state-of-the-art experimental techniques for evaluating material behavior and microstructure, and complementary computational and modeling efforts aimed at fundamental understanding of materials under these extreme conditions.