Tentative Technical Program 1) Design 1-1: Design principles Difference between designs for unreinforced and reinforced soil structures Difference between designs for metal- and geosynthetic-reinforced soil structures 1-2: Mathematic aspect of limit equilibrium-based stability analysis 1-3: Material properties and design (backfill, geosynthetic reinforcement, facing and subsoil): - Soil properties: design strength and strength from laboratory and field tests, Related issues: fill compaction and suction, and seismic load - Reinforcement properties: design strength and strength by tensile tests, Related issues: durability, pull-out strength, creep reduction and other correction factors 1-4: Structure of reinforced soil - Drainage and other water related issues - Reinforcement arrangement - Facing structure: Roles of facing, facing rigidity, connection strength, stability for seismic load and wave action, foundation (roles for the stability of wall) Earth pressure (design values and measured values) 1-5: Relation to performance-based design - Design based deformation and displacements (instantaneous, residual by static and traffic loading and seismic loading .....) FEM analysis and others - Analysis of ultimate failure (collapse), Issue of ductility, collapse by seismic load, wave action 1-6: Current design practice in different countries Common and different aspects (comparison) 2) Construction practice 2-1: Construction and maintenance Fill materials Fill compaction Drainage Seepage force and water action on the backfill and facing 2-2: Case histories Successful cases and failure cases (inappropriate design and construction, failure by earthquake, water effects, foundation failure ...) Applications of GRS soil technology, past, present and future (e.g., geocell-reinforced railways and highways, bridge abutments, tsunami barrier, ....)