In order to study the temperature variation of pantograph catenary system under the condition of high current, the important part of catenary system is chosen as the research object. The contact wire temperature measurement system was built with the help of the first pantograph catenary electrical contact test platform. The temperature variation of the contact line under the condition of high current is observed, and the optimal temperature measuring point is obtained by summing up the temperature of different temperature measuring points. The results show that the selection of temperature measuring points in this paper can reflect the temperature of the contact wire scientifically and effectively. The research of this paper is very important to monitor and prevent the faults of pantograph and catenary system caused by the high temperature of contact wire.