This paper studies the influence factors of grain planting area in China through the use of wheat from 2006 to 2015 and the provincial panel data from 2005 to 2015.Results showed that the level of education, rural engel's coefficient, the income gap between urban and rural areas, agricultural producer price index and minimum grain purchase prices has positive correlation effect to grain planting area.The agricultural labor force and the affected area have the opposite effect on the area of grain planting.In addition, the government's financial expenditure will have a different effect on different kinds of food crops, depending on the variety of grain varieties. Therefore, through the development of education and narrow the gap between urban and rural areas, improve the purchase price and the minimum purchase price of agricultural products, focus on the good response to natural disasters, do a good job in disaster warning system,which to increase grain planting area and improve grain production.