Polyamides containing 3D structure facile to transfer ion designed for multicolor electrochromic application
Haijun Niu^1,*, Chunli Ma¹, Minghao Zhai¹, Di Ma¹,Wanan Cai¹, Tingting Zhou¹,Wen Wang ²
1 Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material, Ministry of Education, Department of Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, School of Chemical, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150086, PR China
2 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, PR China
E-mail: niuhaijun@hlju.edu.cn
Obtaining high performance NIR EC material with high optical transmittance contrast, fast redox switching and long-term cyclic stability is still a challenge. Introducing four triphenylamine (TPA) units into one planar such as fluorene core etc to build robust three dimensional (3D) framework which not only makes ion and electron move freely but also provides sufficient space and storage sites for hosting ions will meet the requirement in which the planar structures fluorene, carbazole, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, imidazole, etc are used.  We also demonstrate conjugated mainchain containing such thiophene, and non-conjugated polyimide, and show important application scenarios, such as smart window, glasses, military camouflage, supercapacitor. The strategy of introducing 3D framework block into polymer will pave a way for fabricating high performance optoelectronic devices.   






Figure






Fig. 1 .   The designed monomers
References
1.W Juan, H Xu, Z Wang, H Niu, Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 510, 161866
2. M Zhai, W Cai , T Zhou, H Niu, W Wang, Chemical Engineering Journal,2026,544,179240
Biography
Haijun Niu is professor in School of Chemistry, Materials & Engineering at Heilongjiang University. His research primarily focuses on electrochromism, secondary batteries, memristors, and chemosensitive luminescence of organic polymers. He has presided  three National Natural Science Foundation of China projects. He has received two provincial science and technology awards (third class, first inventor) and holds more than 70 authorized invention patents in China. As the first or corresponding author, he has published over 100 SCI papers in journals including Nature Chemistry, Advanced Functional Materials, Energy & Environment  Science, etc.
 

electrochromic; polyamide; triphenylamine; fluorene; 3D; near IR