Inorganic electrochromic materials (e.g., WO₃, NiO, V₂O₅) and devices are promising for smart windows, energy-saving displays, and adaptive thermal camouflage. However, conventional inorganic materials suffer from sluggish switching kinetics, inadequate mechanical flexibility, limited color variability, and narrow spectral modulation ranges, which severely restrict their practical deployment.
    Herein, we present our recent progress in addressing these issues. Our approaches include: (1) bio-inspired WO₃ nano-helixes, combined with amorphous/crystalline heterojunctions and gradient porous electrodes, to achieve four-band regulation of VIS–NIR transmittance and MWIR–LWIR emissivity; (2) hetero-order coupled cavity architectures for high-purity, wide-gamut multicolor reflective EC displays and (3) quasi-planar interfaces and Au nanoparticle-modified intersurfaces for fast-switching and long-lasting flexible devices.

Inorganic electrochromism,flexible,multicolor,multi-band modulation,fast switching