Vanadium dioxide (VO2) can achieve dynamic modulation across an ultra-wide bandwidth from visible to microwaves. Firstly, by constructing double-sided nanoparticle VO2 films, the surface plasmon resonance effect in the near-infrared band are utilized to simultaneously enhance visible transmittance and thermal modulation ability. Secondly, by combining the Fabry-Perot resonance effect, significant regulation of infrared emissivity is achieved by VO2 device. Finally, based on the change in conductivity, VO2 based composite materials are constructed to realize large-amplitude dynamic electromagnetic modulation over a wide bandwidth.