19 / 2026-08-17 13:17:29

2D Conjugated MOFs for Multicolor Electrochromism

2D Conjugated MOFs;,Multicolor Electrochromism,Coloring mechanism

Two-dimensional conjugated metal-organic frameworks are emerging platforms for electrochromic devices, yet the current stage is limited by monotonous color and an unclear coloration mechanism. Herein, we reveal a metal-ligand cooperative mechanism for multicolor switching. The organic ligands demonstrate color generation through reversible, potential-dependent C–O,C–O^•, and C=O transformations, whereas the metal centers regulate switching kinetics, redox energetics, and framework stability according to their electron affinity and valence-state stability. Such a division of roles establishes a mechanistic guideline for rationally designing multicolor electrochromic MOFs and highlights their promise for camouflage, displays, and wearable devices.