Beyond its well-established role in carbon sequestration, the biological carbon pump (BCP) may also influence dissolved methane (CH₄) cycling by regulating organic matter export, remineralization, oxygen consumption, and microbial processes. However, whether and how the BCP shapes the vertical distribution of dissolved CH₄ and its exchange with the atmosphere remain poorly understood, particularly in oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). Here, we present high-resolution field observations of dissolved CH₄ concentrations and air-sea CH₄ fluxes from the oxygen depleted Arabian Sea. We investigate the vertical heterogeneity of dissolved CH₄ throughout the water column, with particular emphasis on the relationship between CH₄ accumulation, oxygen gradients, and indicators of organic matter export and remineralization. We further examine whether the observed vertical methane distribution reflects the biogeochemical conditions established by the biological carbon pump. Our observations provide new perspectives on the interactions among carbon export, oxygen dynamics, and marine methane cycling, offering field-based evidence for evaluating the role of the biological carbon pump in regulating CH₄ accumulation and air-sea CH₄ emissions in the Arabian Sea.

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