Coastal ecosystems function as critical transition zones connecting marine and terrestrial biomes, providing irreplaceable ecological services including carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation, storm surge buffering and fishery resource supply. However, the combined stresses of intensified anthropogenic activities and accelerating climate change have severely disrupted the structural stability and functional sustainability of global coastal zones over the past decades. Typical human disturbances cover coastal reclamation, offshore aquaculture expansion, industrial wastewater discharge, overfishing and coastal tourism overdevelopment; meanwhile, climate change exacerbates adverse effects through sea level rise, ocean acidification, seawater temperature elevation and frequent extreme marine weather. These two driving forces interact synergistically rather than independently, triggering cascading degradation such as mangrove retreat, seagrass bed shrinkage, coral bleaching and coastal wetland loss. This study constructs a multi-index evaluation framework integrating field monitoring data, remote sensing images and meteorological records to quantify the separate and coupled impacts of human interference and climate variation on coastal ecosystem health. The results reveal that anthropogenic activities act as the primary short-term stressor that directly damages coastal habitats, while climate change amplifies ecological vulnerability and weakens the natural recovery capacity of coastal biota. Furthermore, targeted integrated management strategies are proposed to balance coastal socioeconomic development and ecological sustainability, including controlled coastal land exploitation, cross-regional pollution joint governance, climate-adaptive ecological restoration engineering and long-term dynamic monitoring networks. The findings offer quantitative references for coastal environmental governance under the dual pressures of human activity and climate warming, and provide feasible technical pathways to achieve long-term sustainable development of coastal ecosystems.

暂无