The South China Sea suffers the most frequent typhoon activity globally, while also hosting active multi-scale oceanic dynamic processes such as internal tides, mesoscale eddies, and submesoscale motions, etc. However, interactions between typhoons and the multi-scale oceanic dynamic processes in the South China Sea remain inadequately understood due to the lack of in situ observations. Conducting observational experiment on the multi-scale interaction between typhoons and oceans holds significant scientific value and practical importance for China's marine disaster prevention and mitigation, as well as disaster risk management. Integrating fixed observation platforms including moored buoys and subsurface moorings as well as underwater gliders, we establish a real-time observing system to monitor typhoon–ocean interaction in the South China Sea. This system enables synchronized submesoscale-resolution observations from the air–sea interface down to the upper ocean layer. The observation system has successfully captured several super typhoons, including Yagi, Saola, Krathon, and Ragasa, etc., yielding precious observational data on extreme air–sea coupling.

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