Submarine landslide is one of the main causes of tsunami disasters. Understanding these events is crucial for improving hazard assessment and early warning systems, reducing risks to coastal communities.
In this context, we propose a unified method to simulate the submarine landslide initiation, the interaction with its surrounding environmental water, and the propagation of the tsunami wave. Given the enormous difference of scale between the landslide initiation and the tsunami propagation, we propose a multi-scale technique: first, we use the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method to solve the submarine landslide problem and its interaction with the environmental water. Then, we couple that solution with a tsunami propagation model based on the SPH solution of the shallow water equation.
For the submarine landslide model, the landslide is treated as saturated soil and the interaction between the soil and the water is calculated with a u-w-p formulation. For the tsunami propagation model, we use the SPH method to solve the shallow water equation in a Eulerian framework. Finally, the coupling between the two stages is done by transferring wave height and velocity data in a one-way coupling scheme.
The submarine landslide is validated by comparing with experimental data. Lastly, we demonstrate the applicability of the method with a real-world scale simulation of tsunami propagation on the coast of Brazil.

Submarine landslide,SPH,Shallow water equation,u-w-p,Landslide-induced tsunami