With the increasing frequency of climate change and extreme weather events, marine vessel base infrastructure, particularly those located in coastal areas with slopes, is facing a significant rise in risks such as vessel collisions and other hazards. These risks not only threaten the safety and normal operations of marine vessel bases but also directly impact their long-term sustainability. Traditional design methods often fail to adequately address the challenges posed by extreme events on structural resilience, especially under extreme climatic and environmental changes, where structures may not recover in a timely manner. Therefore, enhancing the resilience of marine vessel base infrastructure and ensuring its rapid recovery capability has become a key area of research in marine engineering. This study, based on a resilience theory framework, explores how structural reinforcement designs can enhance the resilience of marine vessel base facilities under extreme collision events, with a particular focus on slope environments. Specifically, the research analyzes the dynamic responses of segmented approach bridges and wharf structures under varying collision intensities, revealing the different resilience characteristics exhibited by these two structures during collisions in slope environments. The results indicate that, particularly in slope environments, the interaction between the infrastructure and the surrounding soil contributes to enhancing structural stability, allowing the facilities to better withstand vessel collisions and other natural disasters. In terms of resilience component design, this study introduces a novel component optimization concept, emphasizing the enhancement of structural adaptability and energy absorption capacity to improve resilience against sudden collisions. Through the combination of theoretical analysis and experimental validation, this research provides a new theoretical framework for the resilience design of marine vessel base infrastructure, advancing the risk resistance capabilities of these facilities in extreme events, particularly in slope environments.