Accurate target detectability is a key requirement
for ultrasonic sensing applications such as industrial
inspection, structural health monitoring, underwater
exploration and autonomous navigation. Material
composition, geometry, surface features and ultrasonic
scattering behavior play a significant role in target
detectability. This paper presents a comprehensive
framework for the target detectability assessment based on
the ultrasonic scattering analysis of various target
structures. The approach considered is an ultrasonic
transmitter-receiver system to investigate the reflected and
scattered echo signals from targets made of metal, plastic,
wood and composite materials. Signal preprocessing

techniques such as filtering, amplification and time-of-
flight estimation are used to improve the quality of the

echo, then features are extracted to evaluate the scattering
characteristics and target detectability. Experimental
validation in a controlled laboratory environment was
performed with multiple target structures at different
distances. The proposed framework achieved a target
detection accuracy of 98.2%, precision of 97.8%, recall of
97.5% and F1-score of 97.6%, and an average signal to
noise ratio (SNR) enhancement of 14.8 dB. Moreover, the
system achieved a detection probability of 98.6% with an
average time-of-flight estimation error of less than 1.9%.
The experimental results verify that the proposed
ultrasonic scattering analysis can provide reliable target
characterization, enhanced detectability and improved
measurement accuracy, which makes it suitable for
advanced ultrasonic sensing and non-destructive
evaluation applications.

Ultrasonic Scattering, Target Detectability, Time-of-Flight, Echo Signal Analysis, Signal Processing, Non-Destructive Testing, Ultrasonic Sensing, Target Characterization, Signal-to-Noise Ratio, Structural Inspection.