Anthropogenic vibrations and noise are recognized as pollutants in the marine environment, yet evaluations of various sources and species remain insufficient. In this study, I investigated the effects of two sources: substrate-borne vibration from pile-driving and mid-frequency (5 kHz) underwater sound used in oceanographic observations. The semi-terrestrial crab, white-clawed fiddler crab (Austruca lactea) was exposed to substrate-borne vibrations, while the Manila clam (Venerupis philippinarum) and the Asian paddle crab (Charybdis japonica) were exposed to underwater sound. Fiddler crabs responded to vibrations at 120 Hz and 250 Hz, which altered their movement duration and velocity. Additionally, the 250 Hz vibration induced an increase in lactate levels and a decrease in ATP levels in the crab's walking legs. The 5 kHz sound increased valve closure in Manila clams, indicating potential anaerobic metabolism. While 5 kHz sound with a 5-minute interval had no effect on paddle crabs, a 2-second interval sound reduced their movement duration, and physiological indices were altered in a way that could be interpreted as stress. These results suggest that different noise sources may affect species differently. Further studies across various species and noise sources are needed, and thorough impact assessments on marine organisms should precede all human marine activities, including construction, oceanographic observations, and shipping.
 

Noise polltion,substrate-borne vibration,anthropogenic sources,marine invertebrates,Environment protection