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Impacts of Changing Climate on Internal Erosion in Water Retaining Earth Embankments – An Evolving Interaction System

The study identifies the impact of global warming induced climate change on water retaining earth embankment structures by tracing successive changes in climate system components, environmental modifications, weather events, embankment impact mechanisms, evolving hydraulic, mechanical and soil conditions with a focus on internal erosion. The study proposes a comprehensive interaction system consisting of response-consequence models. The proposed interaction system has been corroborated with literature attributing failure of water retaining embankments to at least one consequence of climate change. The interaction system diagram is expected to provide a better understanding of the effect of the evolving climate on embankments to help propose climate adaptive embankment designs and mitigating strategies.