This paper introduces a compact inset-fed microstrip patch antenna optimized for non-invasive blood pressure monitoring in the 2.4 GHz ISM medical band. The design features a rectangular patch with integrated slot modifications and an oval-defected partial ground, designed to enhance bandwidth and impedance matching. Fabricated on an FR-4 substrate (εr = 4.4, tanδ = 0.025), the antenna demonstrates a simulated return loss of -70 dB, a bandwidth of 550 MHz, and a simulated peak gain of 4.4 dBi. Experimental measurements closely match the simulated results. On-body evaluations at various arm positions show a consistent downward shift in resonant frequency for an elevated-blood-pressure subject at all tested locations, qualitatively confirming the sensitivity of the antenna response to blood-pressure-induced tissue changes. While the present work focuses on demonstrating this qualitative sensitivity with a limited number of participants, the results highlight the potential of the proposed antenna as a sensing front-end that can be calibrated and integrated into future continuous, cuffless biomedical monitoring systems. This work supports SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-Being)—notably target 3.4 on reducing premature mortality from non-communicable diseases—by delivering a low-cost, non-invasive microstrip patch antenna for continuous, cuffless blood-pressure monitoring in the 2.4 GHz ISM band.

Blood pressure monitoring;Microstrip patch antenna;Non-invasive sensing;Biomedical telemetry;On-body measurements