This paper presents fatigue damage monitoring sensors for structural damage quantification. The sensor consists of a microstrip patch antenna with crack recognition and a metal ligament for damage sensing. The sensor is arranged on the surface of the structure, and the fatigue information identified by the sensing ligament is quantified into resonant frequency information through the microstrip antenna, thus completing the continuous quantitative monitoring of fatigue damage. Firstly, the design calculation of the microstrip patch antenna and metal ligament parameters was carried out. Then, the design parameters were optimized by simulation, and the monitoring performance of the sensor was analyzed. Finally, the working principle of the sensor is verified by experiments and the influence of the notch size of the sensor on the monitoring performance is analyzed. The results show that the fatigue damage monitoring sensor proposed in this paper has high monitoring accuracy for fatigue damage monitoring and continuous quantification of metal structures.