The frequent safety accidents of intelligent electric vehicles (IEV) have gradually raised consumer concerns, bringing huge safety losses to enterprises, leading to product liability risks and reputation damage for new energy vehicle companies, affecting product demand. To mitigate safety losses stemming from the risk of accidents, enterprises must reinforce their safety investments(SI), improving safety technologies to reduce product accident rates. This paper aims to address two critical safety loss risks—product liability (PL) and reputation loss (RL) —by constructing a dynamic optimal control model for SI in IEV, using the safety technology level as a key variable. Through numerical modeling and simulation, the study reveals several key findings: 1. The enterprise's safety state exhibits a decay over time. 2. Both safety loss risks contribute to a decrease in the enterprise's output level and steady-state SI while concurrently elevating product prices and overall revenue. 3. The safety technology level and safety loss risks collectively influence the enterprise's safety state and revenue. 4. Regulatory bodies can determine the intensity of safety loss risks based on the enterprise's safety technology level. This research provides valuable insights for enterprises and regulators seeking to optimize SI in the rapidly expanding IEV market.