In recent years, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, along with the complex and ever-changing international situation, has posed significant challenges to global supply chains. Supply chain resilience can help enterprises respond to market changes and reduce the risks of disruptions. How to enhance supply chain resilience has become a hot topic of common concern in both academia and industry. This paper employs bibliometric methods, based on the Cite Space software, using literature from the Web of Science (WOS) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases as data sources, to conduct visual analysis and literature review. It explores research hotspots, frontiers, evolution, and development trends. The study indicates that the evolutionary trend of supply chain research can be divided into three stages: the foundational construction phase (before 2014), the strategic optimization phase (2014-2019), and the dynamic adaptation phase (after 2019). Through keyword clustering, the research on supply chain resilience mainly includes four core issues: the definition of supply chain resilience, influencing factors, assessment methods, and optimization strategies, with a detailed analysis of the current research progress. Finally, an overall framework for supply chain resilience research is proposed, and based on existing research and development trends, future research directions for supply chain resilience are prospected.