Reservoir dam safety is related to the reservoir's flood control, power generation, irrigation and other benefits, but also related to the people's life and property safety. Reservoir dam failure flood analysis can provide important technical support for reservoir flood control, rescue plan, risk management, disaster assessment and so on. Taking Wanmipo Hydropower Station as an example, the HEC-RAS two-dimensional hydrodynamic model was used to simulate and analyze the instantaneous dam failure flooding process under different scenarios, to obtain the important water information such as downstream inundation time, scope, inundation depth. Analysis of the simulation results found that the water depth in the inundation area is basically all dangerous depth, the water depth in the inundation area is basically more than 3 m, the fastest flow velocity near the river and reservoir in the inundation area is high and dangerous, and the peak flow of the dam failure flood under different scenarios are all attenuated with the increase of the distance from the mileage of the dam site, and the impacts of the peak flow of the floods of the cross sections are significantly different due to the difference of the incoming flow and the initial downstream river level under different dam failure scenarios. Different hazard values are delineated based on differences in flood depths and flow velocities, and the loss of life of the population is taken into account to draw flood inundation risk maps, which can be used to assess the risk of dam failure in reservoirs and to provide a guiding basis for emergency evacuation in case of a sudden flood event, with the population in high-risk zones being transferred first, and those in low-risk zones being transferred later. This study provides data reference and technical support for downstream flood control decision-making, and also provides reference for other large and medium-sized reservoir project dam failure analysis.