Mushroom residue is an accessory of edible fungi industry, which will pollute the environment if it is not handled properly. The purpose of this study is to explore the application of ecological nutrition bowl with waste edible mushroom residue as raw material in slope greening of mountainous highway. Five groups of formulas were made with mushroom residue and sludge as main ingredients, and W5 (unfermented mushroom residue: sludge =50%) was selected as the basic raw material formula by comparing before and after fermentation and decomposition, and planting experiment of ryegrass(Lolium perenne L.). Then, with the main formula, fly ash, phosphogypsum and Yunnan laterite as elements, nine kinds of self-made substrates were made, and orthogonal experiments and planting experiments of ryegrass were carried out. It was found that the nutrient status of the nine treatment groups was higher than that of the imported substrate except the total potassium content. At different levels, the influence degree of each factor on the physiological characteristics of ryegrass from high to low is the main formula (Z) > Yunnan red soil (Y) > fly ash (F) > phosphogypsum (L), and finally T1 (main ingredient: red soil: fly ash: phosphogypsum =90%:2%:1%:7%) is selected as the optimal composite matrix formula. The application test of the selected composite substrate showed that reducing the amount of water applied to ryegrass and placing it on a certain slope would affect the growth and development of ryegrass in the nutrition bowl, but ryegrass would not stop growing. To sum up, this study successfully utilized the waste mushroom residue as a resource, and planted ryegrass with self-made substrate to realize the greening of highway slopes.