Motivated by the adaption of the delivery robot, parcel locker in the E-Grocery distribution industry, a two-echelon location-routing problem adopting mixed fleet (2E-VRP-MVMS) for sustainable E-Grocery delivery is studied. A multi-objective optimization model is developed to capture the characteristics of cost components and environmental impact. A hybrid immune algorithm is proposed, and two improved steps, vaccination and immunization are introduced in the algorithm. The former is to improve fitness, while the latter is to prevent population degradation. The goal of the 2E-VRP-MVMS is to determine the location facilities, to optimize the number of parcels delivered to lower stages and routes at each level, also to reduce costs caused by carbon emissions. This research contributes to the last-mile delivery network design domain by modeling the environmental and economic cost of E-Grocery distribution adopting mixed fleets.

CICTP