Railway transportation as one of the most effective land transportation modes, plays a vital role in the fresh food supply chain.However, there is no complete evaluation system for railway fresh transportation at present, which makes it impossible to directly evaluate the quality of transportation and tap the transport potential.Therefore, an evaluation index system of refrigerated transportation service quality of fresh products is constructed, which is composed of five dimensions and 18 specific indicators. Then, the impact factors of each indicator are evaluated by analytic hierarchy process (AHP).The system can intuitively reflect the impact of specific indicators on transport quality, provide optimal decision-making for decision makers, and greatly improve the efficiency of railway fresh transport.Taking the railway refrigerated transportation of fruit and vegetable agricultural products in Guangxi Province as an example, the survey results show that the time and reliability in the evaluation index system account for a larger overall weight. Therefore, the service quality of fruit and vegetable agricultural products transported by railway in Guangxi can be improved by improving the convenience of taking and delivering goods, reducing the time of handling consignment business, increasing the input of railway cold chain and expanding the scope of transport services.

CICTP