The quantitative analysis of topology and fractal characteristics of China high-speed railway network allows us to understand the characteristics of physical network and service network. It can provide basic support for designing of railway network in China, optimizing train flow and passenger flow organization. Taking China high-speed railway network (985 high-speed railway stations and 5800 trains number information) as research objects, we construct high-speed railway physical network (1059 arcs) and service network (3294 arcs). The study finds that, at present (April 2019), the physical network is a tree and the invulnerability of network needs to be improved. In addition, service network is a small-world network with scale-free characteristics. By further analyzing physical network’s fractal characteristics, the high-speed railway hub stations’ neighborhood networks are divided into four types: (i) low fractal dimension and coefficient; (ii) low fractal dimension and high coefficient; (iii) high fractal dimension and low coefficient, and (iv) high fractal dimension and high coefficient. The results show that 79.3% of the hub stations’ neighborhood networks have dendrite dimension less than 1.1, which means that the accessibility and coverage are weak. According to the fractal characteristics of different neighborhood networks, this paper gives some suggestions and directions for capacity enhancement. The conclusion shows that we need to expand the scale of China's high-speed railway network, optimize the hinterland hub stations’ neighborhood networks, and support the efficient operation of the high-speed railway network.

CICTP