The frequency of traffic accidents is significantly higher when the vehicles operated in the severe meteorological environment compared to the normal weather condition, and the casualties and property losses caused by traffic accidents such as rear-ending collisions will be very huge, especially for the multi-vehicle pileup. Therefore, it is particularly important to consider the collaborative optimization method of multi-vehicle longitudinal safety distance maintenance in severe meteorological environments. At present, the research about the safety distance maintenance of vehicles in different meteorological environments at home and abroad mostly focuses on the safety distance of a single vehicle, but the longitudinal safety distance model of multi-vehicles is rarely established from the perspective of multi-vehicle collaborative optimization. In this paper, the relationship between the vehicle safe distance and severe meteorological environment factors is studied firstly, and then the multi-vehicle longitudinal safety distance maintenance model is established by using the collaborative optimization algorithm. The simulation results show that the operation performances of the fleet in terms of multi-vehicle operational efficiency and safety under severe meteorological environment are improved greatly using the collaborative optimization method of multi-vehicle proposed in this paper.

CICTP