The construction industry is eager to develop upcycling techniques for transforming secondary by-products derived from concrete waste into value-added new products due to the shortage of practical and economical solutions. Currently, recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) were mainly used in low-graded applications, especially the fine portion of the RCA due to a higher mortar content.
This paper presents a study aiming to enhance the quality of recycled fine aggregate (FRCA) by utilizing a wet carbonation process developed by the authors previously. The fine recycled concrete aggregate (FRCA) ranging from 0.15-5 mm was prepared through demolishing a concrete with a known mixture design. The FRCA was treated by a Na2CO3 solution. The particle size, water absorption, and density of the FRCA were tested and compared. The chemical characteristics of the RFA after wet carbonation were analyzed by a series of experiments. The results showed that the density and the water absorption properties of the FRCA improved significantly
The chemical compositions of the FRCA were analyzed by XRF, XRD, and TGA before and after the wet carbonation. The results revealed an increase in carbonation production and a significant reduction in cement hydration products. The microscopic observation of the FRCA showed a densified surface layer with carbonation products after wet carbonation. The by-product of calcite and silica-rich gel were also collected and analyzed.
A rough estimation of the environmental and economic impact of wet carbonation on FRCA was conducted. The proposed approach was expected to avoid millions of disposal charges and provide FRCA with solid properties. Meanwhile, the calcite-rich residue and silica-rich gel showed high potential industrial values. Moreover, the material and energy consumption of the wet carbonation process were environmentally friendly.