Additive manufacturing (3D printing) is more and more popular in the field of construction, which makes the performance of concrete materials used for 3D printing valued. In this paper, the dynamic performance of 3D printed low-carbon ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) is studied through experiment and finite element simulation. Through experiments, the dynamic strength of 3D printed low-carbon UHPC under different impact velocities was obtained, and the mechanical anisotropy characteristics of 3D printed low-carbon UHPC under dynamic action were analyzed. Through establishing a mesoscale finite element model, the effects of fiber content, impact velocity and fiber distribution on the dynamic properties of 3D printed low-carbon UHPC were analyzed. The results show that with the increase of impact velocity, the strength of 3D printed low-carbon UHPC gradually increases and the anisotropic characteristics gradually decrease; The increase of fiber content has an obvious effect on improving dynamic properties; The fiber distribution direction has a significant effect on the mechanical anisotropy of 3D printed low carbon UHPC