Mineral resources as natural capital can be transformed into human, social and physical capital
that guarantees the sustainable development of a country exclusively through professional national
management. Natural resources have historically played a significant role in the economic
development of the most advanced countries. At the same time, most of underdeveloped countries
have enormous mineral resources. Contracts of various forms between the state and the minerals
developer, related to civil law acts, are faced with the problems of the sustainability of internal social
relations. The governments of these countries are forced to tighten their influence over extractive
companies by introducing social licences. The proposed model of public mineral policy as part of
transnational management of mineral resources is based on a broad understanding of governance
within the framework of the jurisdictional and sectoral capacity of the state. We have studied the
effectiveness of country-specific government policies in regulating the mineral and mining market, as
well as in managing the sustainable development of society, involving indigenous people in the mining
process, and in assessing the ESG performance of specialised companies.