The prediction of the tropical cyclones (TC) genesis remains a great challenge. In recent years, the critical role of radiation feedback on TC genesis has been gradually revealed. This study shows that both in idealized RCE framework and in the real world, radiation (mostly cloud-radiation) feedback brings forward the formation of tropical cyclones by first accelerating the development of the mid-level circulation. The radiation heating anomaly in the disturbance region induces a secondary circulation that transports more water vapor up to high levels. As a result, a stratiform heating structure is enhanced, leading to a positive mid-level potential vorticity anomaly and promoting TC genesis. Comparing with previous ideas on the pathways of radiation feedback accelerates TC genesis, the results here emphasize the key role of the mid-level circulation and the vertical structure of the cloud-radiation-induced thermodynamical and dynamic responses.

tropical cyclone,radiation feedback