Arctic landfast sea ice (LFSI) represents an important quasi-stationary coastal zone, the seasonal evolution of which is determined by regional climate and bathymetry. This study investigated the seasonal cycle and interannual variation of LFSI along the northwest coast of Kotelny Island. Four stages were identified in the seasonal cycle based on application of the visual inspection approach (VIA) to MODIS/Envisat satellite imagery in combination with analysis of results from a thermodynamic snow/ice model. Modeled maximum annual ice thickness for 1995-2014 was 2.02 ± 0.12 m, and showed a trend of −0.13 m decade⁻¹ corresponding to Arctic warming. Ice season length also showed a negative trend (−22 d decade⁻¹) associated with significant spring (2.3 °C decade⁻¹) and autumn (1.9 °C decade⁻¹) warming. The LFSI stages detected by VIA were supported by model results. LFSI breakup results from combined fracturing and melting, the local spatiotemporal patterns of which are associated with the irregular bathymetry. Nearshore sea ice melting dominated LFSI breakup, and the modeled average ice thickness reached 0.50 m before the LFSI disappeared. For LFSI adjacent to drift ice, ice fracturing is the dominant breakup process. The modeled average ice thickness was 1.56 m when initial fracturing occurred.
 

固定冰,北冰洋,遥感,热力学模拟