9 / 2021-04-08 10:56:05

听力教学中互动能力的培养 Developing ESL Interactional Competence in Listening Teaching

听力教学；互动能力；会话分析

    培养外语学习者在社会交往中准确运用符合目标语所在的语言文化下社会规范的语言和非语言手段（Wong & Waring, 2021）进行成功跨文化交际的互动能力，是外语教学的目标和任务之一，因此，我们提倡在外语教学中汲取会话分析的方法论精髓，培养学生的互动能力。为了展示听力教学中互动能力培养的必要性，本文选取了《英语听力教程》中的三段会话材料，并按照Gail Jefferson的转写体系进行了转写，从会话分析视角出发，以序列组织中（非）优先结构（Heritage，1984) 为切入点展开定性研究，展示互动能力的交际和教学意义。我们认为应用会话分析研究所涉及的互动机制来开展听力教学，能够提高学生观察、理解和进行言语交际的互动能力。因此，教师在听力课堂教学中通过从会话分析角度分析自然发生的言语交际的规律和细节，潜移默化地培养学生熟悉并掌握目标语言语交际背后的社会规范，让学生在习得语言的同时习得社会规范，最终成为优秀的跨文化交际者和工作者。

    Aiming to achieve successful cross-cultural communication and interactional competence, it is one of essential objectives and obligations for English listening teachers to instruct the ESL learners to develop the interactional competence and enable them to  apply flexibly the systematic verbal and nonverbal mechanism ,which conforms to the social norms of the target language culture (Wong & Waring, 2021).To display the necessity of instructing interactional competence in listening teaching, the study selects three  conversations from Listen This Way and transcripts them with Gail Jefferson’s transcription system, and then employs  the qualitative analysis from conversation analysis perspective,introducing (dispreffered) preferred actions（Heritage,1984) in the sequence organizations to display the communication with interactional competence and the significance in listening teaching. We conclude that applying the interaction mechanism in conversation analysis in listening teaching will promote ESL learners’ verbal and interactional competences of observing, understanding and interacting.Therefore,We advocate the listening teaching should analyze the naturally-occurring conversation aural materials from conversation analysis perspective to display the specifications and norms in them.Hence the the ELS learners will imperceptibly familiarize and master the social norms in the target language  and acquire both language competence and social norms simultaneously and become qualified cross-cultural interactors and professionals.