100 / 2021-09-29 17:27:00

Assessment of visual representation methods of linear discontinuous deformation zones in the right-of-way

measurement methods,discontinuous deformations,road pavements

Mining impacts on the ground surface may manifest themselves, inter alia, in the form of continuous and discontinuous deformations, and thus contribute to the displacement and damage of objects [3-6]. Discontinuities in road structures are a significant problem. Discontinuous deformations significantly deteriorate the condition of the road surface, posing a threat to the safety of use. At the same time, the layers making up the pavement structure are loosened and thus the stiffness is reduced. All of this reduces the fatigue life of the pavement, resulting in frequent repairs [1].



The last report of the General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways on the condition of national roads [7] shows that more than half of national roads require various types of repairs. Half of the renovation needs are treatments that should be performed immediately. The reasons for the poor condition of roads remain unchanged: poor quality and unreliable performance, increasing traffic, overloaded vehicles traffic and climatic conditions. In mining areas, mining impacts are an additional factor that may cause damage. Therefore, in mining areas, it is necessary to carry out an ongoing inspection of the condition of objects and thus determine the need and scope of their repair. The key method of assessing the scope of the surface repair needed is to observe the road surface [2].



The article presents the results of selected measurement methods carried out near the discontinuous deformation zones in the right-of-way. Commonly used geodetic measurements were used: leveling and GPS satellite positioning to determine the displacement of points forming the observation lines along the right-of-way. Additionally, in order to verify the condition of the road surface, low-ceiling photogrammetry was used with the use of an unmanned aerial vehicle and the road surface evenness was tested using a laser profilograph, which enables the determination of the IRI index.

The comparison of selected methods, their advantages and disadvantages allowed for the assessment of their usefulness in visual representation zones of linear discontinuous deformations.



Acknowledgement

Not applicable



References

1.GRYGIEREK, M., STERNIK, K. 2020. Identification of Pavement Model Parameters in the Area of Discontinuous Surface Deformation Based on FWD Tests. International Journal of Civil Engineering. 19. 1-18. 10.1007/s40999-020-00563-y.

2.GRYGIEREK, M., ZIĘBA, M. 2019. Damage to Road Pavements in the Area of Linear Discontinuous Deformations on the Surface Caused Deep Mining. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 362. 012151. 10.1088/1755-1315/362/1/012151.

3.KOWALSKI, A. 2020. Deformacje powierzchni na terenach górniczych kopalń węgla kamiennego. Wydawnictwo Głównego Instytutu Górnictwa. Katowice (in Polish).

4. KRATZSCH, H. 1983. Mining Subsidence Engineering; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany; New York, NY, USA, ISBN 978-3-642-81925-4.

5. KWIATEK, J. 1997. Ochrona obiektów budowlanych na terenach górniczych. Wydawnictwo Głównego Instytutu Górnictwa. Katowice (in Polish).

6. REDDISH, D.J., WHITTAKER, B.N. 2012. Subsidence: Occurrence, Prediction and Control; Elsevier Science: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, ISBN 9780444598349.

7. Raport o stanie technicznym nawierzchni sieci dróg krajowych na koniec 2020 roku. Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad Warszawa 2021. https://www.archiwum.gddkia.gov.pl/pl/2990/Raporty (in Polish).