High density is a challenge of lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) experiments. Reactor relevant high plasma density regimes have faced the LHCD tool with the challenge of effectively penetrating the main plasma without excessive power dissipation of the coupled radio frequency (RF) power at the edge, mainly due to parametric instabilities (PI),collisional absorption (CA), and scattering from density fluctuations (SDF).
Aiming at fusion reactor, effective current drive at high density is necessary for LHCD. Progress in understanding LHCD at high density has been made through experiments and modeling in EAST, which is encouraging given the need for an efficient off-axis current profile control technique in burning plasma, so as to improve LHCD capability in ITER-relevant regimes.