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用于石油管线内部缺陷巡检的智能X射线背散射无损检测机器人研究进展

检测安全评价与完整性 > 检测安全评价与完整性

李会1)，李德源1)，汪永安2），张小东1,3)
（1 中国辐射防护研究院核与辐射前沿技术研究中心，山西省太原市，030006；2 西安奥华电子仪器股份有限公司，西安，710100；3 华北电力大学核科学与技术学院，北京，102206）
摘 要：利用无损检测技术确保石油管道基础设施的安全性、效率、环境完整性和合规性有重要意义。管外无损检测技术常采用X射线透射成像法，但对于地表下深埋石油管道，X射线透射成像设备不能满足要求。常用的超声管内检测方式能够检测分层腐蚀、壁厚，但对点腐蚀检测效果差，需要液体介质和清理装置；漏磁检测方式能检测点腐蚀和形变，但微小尺寸腐蚀损伤的检测效果不佳。本文针对深埋管道管内无损检测技术中存在的问题，借鉴X射线穿透能力强和背散射单侧成像技术优势，并整合现代智能机器人技术，提出了管内智能X射线背散射无损检测机器人的设计概念，并采用蒙特卡洛软件（Geant4）模拟设计了系统的核心——X射线背散射成像系统，进一步模拟了该系统对管内缺陷的检测性能。模拟结果表明，采用X射线背散射检测技术能对管壁厚度4mm及以上缺损进行检测并能对1mm宽度及以上的裂缝进行检测，检测系统还可以进一步改进提高分辨能力。
关键词：X射线背散射；石油管道；无损检测

Research Progress on Intelligent X-ray Backscattering Nondestructive Testing Robot for Internal Pipeline Inspection of Petroleum Pipelines
LI Hui1), LI DeYuan1)，WANG YongAn2), ZHANG XiaoDong1,3)
(1. Nuclear and Radiation Frontier Technology Research Center, China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan, 030006, China; 2. Xi’an Aohua Electronic Instrument Co. Ltd.,Xi’an, 710100; 3. School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206)
Abstract：The use of non-destructive inspection techniques to ensure the safety, efficiency, environmental integrity and compliance of oil pipeline infrastructure is very important. The X-ray transmission imaging technology is often used for non-destructive testing outside the pipe, but for deep buried petroleum pipelines, its equipment cannot meet environmental layout requirements. The commonly used ultrasonic internal pipe inspection method can detect lamination corrosion and wall thickness very well, but it has poor detection effect on pitting corrosion, and requires liquid medium and cleaning device. The magnetic flux leakage detection method can detect pitting corrosion and deformation, but it is poor at resolving the sizing corrosion clusters. In view of the problems existing in the non-destructive inspection technologies of deep buried pipelines, this paper proposes the concept of an intelligent X-ray backscattering nondestructive in-line inspection robot by using the advantages of the high penetrating ability of X-rays, the single-sided arrangement of backscattering imaging technology and the modern intelligent robot technology. The Monte Carlo software (Geant4) has been used to model and design the core of the proposed X-ray backscatter imaging system, and further used to simulate the detection performance of defects. The simulation results show that the X-ray backscattering detection technology can detect the variation of the wall thickness defects of ≥4 mm and the cracks of ≥1 mm width in the pipe. The detection system could be further improved in resolution.
Key Words：pipeline；X ray backscattering image；nondestructive testing technology