530 / 2019-01-14 19:59:53

光伏发电应用现状、问题及经济性分析/Current Situation, Problems and Economic Analysis of PV Power Generation

光伏发电；火力发电；经济性；环境成本/Photovoltaic; thermal power; economy; environmental cost

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摘 要
近年来火力发电快速发展，在保障中国电力供应和国民经济发展方面发挥了巨大的作用，虽然具有成本优势，但是也面临着巨大的环境压力。光伏发电虽然对于国家能源战略分布方面具有重要意义，但因较高的发电成本制约了光伏发电的发展。
本文在介绍光伏发电发展现状的基础上，对现行政策下的光伏发电与火力发电的成本进行了比较，发现光伏发电的0.488元/kWh大于火力发电。然后在考虑环境因素的情况下，对光伏发电和火力发电的成本进行了比较研究，发现在2000-2015年间，火力发电的完全成本在持续上升，而光伏发电的成本总体来说在不断下降，在2015年两者已经非常接近。但是光伏发电不稳定的天然劣势注定了在没有革命级的创新出现之前，它很难替代火力发电成为我们生活中电力的主要来源。而且光伏发电关联密切的硅产业也暴露出严重的环境污染问题，这也为光伏发电的发展带来了极大的挑战。

关键词：光伏发电；火力发电；经济性；环境成本
Abstract
In recent years, the rapid development of coal-fired power generation, in the protection of electricity supply in China and the development of the national economy played a huge role, although have a cost advantage, but is also facing enormous pressure on the environment; photovoltaic power generation although for national energy strategy distribution plays an important role, but because of the higher cost of power generation, restricts the development of photovoltaic power generation.
In this paper under the current policy of photovoltaic power generation and coal-fired power generation cost were compared. It is found that the photovoltaic power generation of 0.488 Yuan/kWh than coal-fired power generation. Then in consideration of environmental factors, the cost of photovoltaic power generation and thermal power were comparative study, found in 2000 - 2015, the full cost of thermal power continued to rise, and photovoltaic power generation cost generally declining, in 2015 both has been very close to. But the natural disadvantage of photovoltaic power generation is not a natural disadvantage is destined to occur before the revolution level of innovation, it is difficult to replace thermal power generation to become the main source of electricity in our lives. And photovoltaic power generation is closely related to the silicon industry has also exposed serious environmental pollution problems, which also brings great challenges for the development of photovoltaic power generation.

Keywords: Photovoltaic; thermal power; economy; environmental cost