This paper presents a case study on the failure of a reinforced concrete bridge due to marine environment corrosion in eastern Shenzhen, China. Over approximately 20 years, the concrete of the bridge pier became cracked and spalled, and the stirrups were fractured due to the corrosion. Inspection and assessment of the concrete strength, cover depth, carbonation depth, and corrosion potential is carried out in this work. A sample of 29 corroded steel bars and 13 corroded stirrups collected from the bridge are also investigated for corrosion mass loss and mechanical testing in the laboratory. Findings show that the mechanical parameters of the corroded steel bars are gradually degraded with the increase of mass loss ratio. The chloride ion profile of the bridge structure concrete is also analyzed.